劉易斯轉(zhuǎn)折點與公共政策方向的轉(zhuǎn)變——關(guān)于中國社會保護的若干特征性事實
蔡昉
《中國社會科學(xué)》2010年第6期
2010-12-09
中文摘要：
改革開放以來，農(nóng)村勞動力大規(guī)模轉(zhuǎn)移和城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)的持續(xù)擴大，使城鄉(xiāng)居民從就業(yè)收入的增長中分享了高速經(jīng)濟增長的成果。與此同時，由于社會發(fā)展相對滯后于經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，對普通勞動者和家庭的社會保護機制尚不健全。隨著劉易斯轉(zhuǎn)折點的到來，一方面，居民大大提高了對更加充分、均等的社會保護的制度需求；另一方面，一直以來政府推動經(jīng)濟增長的激勵，正在轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樘峁└?、更好、更均等的公共服?wù)，進而加強對城鄉(xiāng)居民社會保護的激勵。從勞動立法、勞動力市場制度建設(shè)、社會保障體系的包容性以及戶籍制度改革等角度進行的經(jīng)驗分析，驗證了政府特別是地方政府對劉易斯轉(zhuǎn)折點到來的政策反應(yīng)。在對未來一段時期公共政策走向進行預(yù)測，并概括關(guān)于公共政策乃至政府職能重點向社會保護轉(zhuǎn)變的若干特征性事實的基礎(chǔ)上，作者給出了提高地方財政能力等相應(yīng)配套改革的政策建議。
英文摘要：
(8)The Lewis Turning Point and the Reorientation of Public Policies: Some Stylized Facts of Social Protection in ChinaCai Fang·125· Mass ruraltourban migration and expansion of urban employment have enabled Chinese people to increase their income and participate in Chinas economic growth. While the pace of growth has been fast, social development has lagged behind. This phenomenon has left ordinary workers and their households socially less protected during the transition of the Chinese economy. This paper argues that as the Lewis turning point is reached, the incentives driving government policy have changed. As citizens voice strong demands for equitable public services, the Chinese governments focus on stimulating economic growth in the reform period before the turning point has shifted to supplying better public services. Consequently, not only has social protection been strengthened, but the function of government has been transformed from an economic growthorientation to a public serviceorientation. It then offers an empirical test of this verdict by narrating the experiences of laborrelated legislation, formation of labor market institutions, more inclusive social security building, and hukou system reform during the turning point.
改革開放以來，農(nóng)村勞動力大規(guī)模轉(zhuǎn)移和城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)的持續(xù)擴大，使城鄉(xiāng)居民從就業(yè)收入的增長中分享了高速經(jīng)濟增長的成果。與此同時，由于社會發(fā)展相對滯后于經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，對普通勞動者和家庭的社會保護機制尚不健全。隨著劉易斯轉(zhuǎn)折點的到來，一方面，居民大大提高了對更加充分、均等的社會保護的制度需求；另一方面，一直以來政府推動經(jīng)濟增長的激勵，正在轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樘峁└?、更好、更均等的公共服?wù)，進而加強對城鄉(xiāng)居民社會保護的激勵。從勞動立法、勞動力市場制度建設(shè)、社會保障體系的包容性以及戶籍制度改革等角度進行的經(jīng)驗分析，驗證了政府特別是地方政府對劉易斯轉(zhuǎn)折點到來的政策反應(yīng)。在對未來一段時期公共政策走向進行預(yù)測，并概括關(guān)于公共政策乃至政府職能重點向社會保護轉(zhuǎn)變的若干特征性事實的基礎(chǔ)上，作者給出了提高地方財政能力等相應(yīng)配套改革的政策建議。
英文摘要：
(8)The Lewis Turning Point and the Reorientation of Public Policies: Some Stylized Facts of Social Protection in ChinaCai Fang·125· Mass ruraltourban migration and expansion of urban employment have enabled Chinese people to increase their income and participate in Chinas economic growth. While the pace of growth has been fast, social development has lagged behind. This phenomenon has left ordinary workers and their households socially less protected during the transition of the Chinese economy. This paper argues that as the Lewis turning point is reached, the incentives driving government policy have changed. As citizens voice strong demands for equitable public services, the Chinese governments focus on stimulating economic growth in the reform period before the turning point has shifted to supplying better public services. Consequently, not only has social protection been strengthened, but the function of government has been transformed from an economic growthorientation to a public serviceorientation. It then offers an empirical test of this verdict by narrating the experiences of laborrelated legislation, formation of labor market institutions, more inclusive social security building, and hukou system reform during the turning point.